Splicing Concept The term Splicing refers to the process by which the pre-mRNA is processed to generate mRNA. This process is based on the introns removal and the linking of the exons present in a sequence. The genes in the cell In its DNA, the cell contains coding regions (exons) and non-coding regions (introns) that […]

The starfish or sea stars are animals from the phylum Echinodermata (phylum to which also belong animals like the sea urchin and the sea cucumber) and, within this, from the class Asteroidea. They are invertebrate animals that live exclusively in the marine environment and have radial symmetry. They can be found all over the world, […]

The Tapada Nacional de Mafra, or simply Tapada de Mafra, is a preserved forest area located in Sobral da Abelheira, in the village of Mafra, in the district of Lisbon, that has about 1187 hectares, and where multiple species of natural fauna and flora can be found. The Tapada de Mafra was first created in […]

Tissue concept The term tissue designates a set of cells having essentially the same structure and function. Tissues juxtapose, interpenetrate, and combine to form organs.   Tissue formation All cells originate in the embryo and differentiate themselves through several cellular processes to form a tissue. These cellular processes are: direction and number of cell divisions, […]

Turtles are reptiles with a protective shell and a beak-shaped, curved and hard mouth. Besides providing protection against predators, aggressions or adverse weather conditions, the shell also provides the animal with camouflage – because of its colours, shape and texture, it usually resembles elements from the surrounding environment (such as leaves or rocks). Some species […]

Vibrio cholerae is the bacterium responsible for cholera, a disease caused by the ingestion of contaminated food or water.

X Chromosome Inactivation definition Mammalian females are characterized by having two X chromosomes, unlike males having only one. Thus, if all genes on both X chromosomes were expressed and produce products, females would have twice as much protein as males have, which would have fatal consequences for females. However, this event is avoided by a […]