Metaphase definition Metaphase designates cell cycle phase in which chromosomes are in their most condensed state, aligned in cell equatorial plate. At this stage, chromosomes are attached to mitotic spindle, but have not yet segregated to cell opposite poles. Cell Cycle Cell basic function, which allows it to generate offspring exactly like itself, is the […]

Microbiology is the branch of biology that studies the organisms of microscopic dimensions – micro-organisms – and includes Virology, bacteriology, (…)

Mitochondria definition Mitochondria refers to a cellular organelle responsible for production of energy (ATP) necessary for cell optimal functioning. Mitochondria origin and synthesis The existing theory suggests that mitochondria is a semiautonomous organelle, which was originated in endocytosis of a bacterium by an ancestral nucleated cell. This theory, not yet fully confirmed, is called the […]

Mitochondrial DNA definition Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) refers to the DNA that is located inside the mitochondria, an organelle present in eukaryotic cells. MtDNA is double stranded but, unlike nuclear DNA, is circular, not packaged in chromatin, the translation of its codons into proteins does not follow the rules of the universal genetic code and has […]

Model Organism’s Concept The study of cellular mechanisms, genes, heredity and development of species were only possible due to the use of model organisms. Model organisms are non-human species whose genomes are known and which have genetic mechanisms common to a large group of related organisms. Gregor Mendel was the first to carry out studies using this […]

Molecular Biology is a branch of Biology that studies the cell at a molecular level. It has the main objective of studying the biochemical interactions between the different systems of the cell. It also studies in which way these interactions are regulated, focusing on the relationship between structure and function of genetic material (DNA and […]

Muscles are the largest set of body tissues and represent about half the weight of the body. Muscle tissue has a mesodermal origin and is composed of…

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch and, as such, it is also called Koch’s bacillus.